A perforated eardrum (sometimes referred to as a burst or ruptured ear drum), is a hole or tear of any size in the membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear.

Perforated eardrums cause a sudden loss of hearing and in some cases ringing in the ear or tinnitus. Other symptoms include pain, aching or itching in the ear. Due to the barrier between the middle and outer ear being broken, fluid which is normally contained in the middle ear, can leak from the outer ear. Because this barrier is broken, the ear is more susceptible to infection and therefore a raised temperature is not uncommon.

So, what causes an eardrum perforation? One cause is trauma, including a blow to the head, or more commonly, poking an object into the ear. Another cause is a sudden loud noise such as an explosion. Changes to pressure can cause a perforation, which can happen when taking off or landing in a plane. Another common cause is an ear infection, as the build up or pus or fluid can put pressure on the membrane, this is more common in children.

If you have a perforated eardrum there are a few things to avoid. Due to the ear being vulnerable to infection, it is important not to put anything in the ear such as cotton buds or ‘in-ear’ headphones. Do not get water in the ear- use a cotton ball in the front of the ear to protect it whilst showering and avoid swimming. Whilst the ear is healing try to not blow your nose too hard as this can cause it to tear again.

Most eardrum perforations are self healing and within a few weeks should be fully repaired. If the tear or hole is particularly large or not repaired itself after a few weeks then a surgical repair can be made which can involved using a small piece of skin from behind the ear and using it as a patch on the eardrum.

Always see your GP if you suspect you have an eardrum perforation.

If you have an eardrum perforation and a build up of earwax, microsuction is a safe method of removal as it is precise and the clinician has a clear view at all times. Click here if you want to read our blog post on microsuction.